Computer Generation.

Computer

Generation

        This is the computer who counts any digit and solves more difficult problems easily. Computer is developed step by step. It’s changed it’s quality generation by generation. It would get importance its characteristics to change its generations. Old system stayed in it. In next time old system omitted from this system and new generation has been created in it. Such as this one generation created from another. We divided the computer generation dependent on computer electronics applying.

         Initial generation’s computer: (1937-1951) The age of initial generation’s computer in 1930-1040. In this time airless tube was used in this computer. This computer contained limited data.

Example:-  ABC, ENIAC, EDSAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC etc.

    

        (1) First generation computer (1951-1958) :- Computer first generation was started in1951 and end 1958. In this time used in computer electronic circuit with tube and Mercury drum. Limited data would be store. Punch card usable acceptable/ outlet equipment. Meaningful instruction or code used in this program.  

      Example: - IBM 650, IBM 704, IBM 709, MARK 1, MARK 2 , MARK 3 etc.                  

       It’s Characteristics: -  

     a) Use magnetic drum as memory,

     b) Tube with electronic circuit, Machine language instruction and   meaningful instruction in program and used code.

     c) Electrostatic Tube or Mercury Delay line used for storage.

     d) It was big shape.

     e) Electricity cost was so many expensive.

     f) Spread was per second 3000 to 5000 in Addition.

     g) It can contain limit data.

     h) Input/ Output worked by Punch card.   

     (02) Second Generation Computer (1958-1965) : - It was treated second generation computer from 1958 to 1965. Transistor was used instead of computer bulb. At 1948 in Bal Laboratory of America William B. Shokley, John Berdeen and H. Bratain combine invented transistor. After the invention of transistor Computer would get more speed and expanded memory. Because these are small size and the lowest expenditure of electricity, lowest heat and more than powerful first generation.

       Example: - IBM 1400, IBM 1600, IBM 1620, ICL 1901, CDC 1604, RCA 305, NCR 300, GE 200 The second Generation Computer.

     

      It’s Characteristics: -  

      a) Transistor Used.

      b) It is smaller than first generation.

      c) It is cheaper than first generation.

      d) Working speed was per second from 3000 to 50000.

      e) Increasing dependent on it.

      f) The expenditure of electricity was cheaper than first generation.

      g) Magnetic core memory and up-to-date input/ output.

      h) Upper programming language used for it’s programming.

      i) In this time FORTRAN and COBOL upper programming language were invented.

      j) Telephone line was used for data transfer.

     (03) Third Generation Computer (1965-1971) : - Third generation’s duration was 1965 to 1971. Robert Noyee and Jack Kilby made at same time semi-conductor diode, transistor and Integrated Circuit (IC). As a result, third generation Computer could change many kinds of usage. As a result, It became small, memory expanded, higher improvement, dependability, usage of minicomputer, usage of upper language, usage of monitor and printer and developed of executive system.

Example:- IBM 360, IBM 370, GE 600, PDP 8, PDP 11 etc. are third generation Computer.

       It’s Characteristics: -  

       a) Usage of IC.

       b) Small shape.

       c) Cheap rate.

       d) Cost minimize of electricity.

       e) So much speed.

       f) More dependable.

       g) Invention of diode.

       h) Usage of Video Monitor and line printer.

       i) Usage of many upper languages.

       j) The development of operating system.

      (4) Fourth generation Computer (1971-Present time) :- In the month of November 1971,Institution of a named Intel of America two co-establisher made at first microprocessor. Microprocessor is a square inch very small shape named in silicon plate thousands transistor included parts.  Fourth generation Computer are introduced so much by microprocessor.   

Example:- IBM 3033, IBM 4341, IBM PC XT/AT, IBM PS/I, APPLE MACHINTOSH etc.

       It’s Characteristics: -  

      a) Microprocessor is used in Motherboard.

      b) Manifestation of Microcomputer.

      c) Very small shape.

      d) Working power has increased.

      e) We can depend on it, no doubt.

      f) A lot of data contain ability.

      g) Usage of many  package application program for the advantage of common users.

      h) Develop of operating system.  

      i) Usage of upper language.

      (5) Fifth and future generation of computer:- Fifth generation Computer will be appeared to up-to-date and most powerful of the fourth generation. America and Japan try to make heart and soul fifth generation. VLSI and optical fiber with together are tried to create fifth generation. It is very powerful microprocessor and so much data contained computer. It can be decided per second 10 to 150 crore logics. Fifth generation computer can be identifying human voice and artificial intelligent.  

       It’s Characteristics: -  

      a) Usage of most powerful microprocessor.

      b) Many powerful computer is made by many microprocessor including parallel processing.

      c) Program development.

      d) Usage of artificial intelligent.

      e) With the connection of computer by the audible sound.

      f) Revolution of information and communication technology by the usage of internet.

      g) Development of most powerful supper computer.